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3D Elevation Map

Average Elevation by Country

Look up the average elevation of almost any country and you land on the same table, copied from site to site — Wikipedia, the atlas aggregators, a dozen listicles — all tracing back to one figure in the CIA World Factbook. Many of those numbers are decades old, and none of them show their work.

We did it from scratch. Every figure here is computed directly from Copernicus GLO-30, the European Space Agency’s 30-metre satellite elevation model — the same grid, the same method, clipped to each country’s official boundary, for all 194 countries. Because it’s one consistent measurement rather than 194 borrowed ones, the numbers are actually comparable. We also report the median, which the copied tables never do.

Below is a sortable table of all 194 countries — our computed average beside the CIA’s where one exists — a real-scale chart of the spread, and an honest account of why the two figures sometimes disagree. That reconciliation includes one case where measuring it ourselves flips the usual answer to “which country is the highest.”

Average elevation is the mean height of a country’s land above sea level. Averaged across all 194 countries it comes to 1,786 ft (544 m) — the equal-weight mean of every nation’s own average. The highest is Tajikistan at 9,688 ft (2,953 m); the lowest is the Maldives, essentially at sea level around 2 ft (0.5 m).
Tajikistan9,688 ft (2,953 m)Bhutan9,354 ft (2,851 m)Nepal6,929 ft (2,112 m)China6,014 ft (1,833 m)Switzerland4,301 ft (1,311 m)Iran4,101 ft (1,250 m)Mexico3,415 ft (1,041 m)United States2,569 ft (783 m)India2,306 ft (703 m)Italy1,814 ft (553 m)France1,122 ft (342 m)Brazil1,050 ft (320 m)Bangladesh90 ft (27.4 m)Netherlands30 ft (9.1 m)Maldives2 ft (0.5 m)01,0002,0003,000 m
Fifteen countries drawn to scale by mean elevation. Tajikistan and Bhutan clear 2,800 m; most of the world sits far lower — the Netherlands averages 30 ft (9.1 m), the Maldives about 2 ft (0.5 m).

The 194 countries average 1,786 ft (544 m) when each counts equally. Weight instead by land area — so Russia counts for far more than Rwanda — and Earth’s land averages 2,164 ft (660 m). The roughly 115 m gap between the two is itself informative: it means several of the largest countries — China and Iran among them — sit well above the many small nations that dominate the equal-weight count. Both figures are computed here; neither is the old land-average you may have seen quoted, which we can’t reproduce from our data and so don’t print.

All 194 countries, ranked

Sort by any column — our average, the CIA figure, the median, or the highest point. A CIA (or otherwise cited) mean is shown for the 145 of 194 countries where a source publishes one; the remaining 49 show a dash rather than a guessed number. Each country links to its full interactive 3D map.

194 of 194
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1Tajikistan9,688 ft (2,953 m)10,883 ft (3,317 m)
2Bhutan9,354 ft (2,851 m)9,173 ft (2,796 m)
3Kyrgyzstan8,655 ft (2,638 m)8,940 ft (2,725 m)
4Lesotho7,260 ft (2,213 m)7,241 ft (2,207 m)
5Nepal6,929 ft (2,112 m)5,197 ft (1,584 m)
6Andorra6,722 ft (2,049 m)6,965 ft (2,123 m)
7Armenia6,070 ft (1,850 m)6,224 ft (1,897 m)
8China6,014 ft (1,833 m)3,825 ft (1,166 m)
9Afghanistan5,906 ft (1,800 m)5,177 ft (1,578 m)
10Rwanda5,610 ft (1,710 m)5,308 ft (1,618 m)
11Burundi5,125 ft (1,562 m)5,164 ft (1,574 m)
12Mongolia4,875 ft (1,486 m)4,505 ft (1,373 m)
13Peru4,810 ft (1,466 m)1,509 ft (460 m)
14Chile4,341 ft (1,323 m)2,769 ft (844 m)
15Switzerland4,301 ft (1,311 m)3,576 ft (1,090 m)
16Ethiopia4,111 ft (1,253 m)3,750 ft (1,143 m)
17Iran4,101 ft (1,250 m)4,009 ft (1,222 m)
18Georgia4,045 ft (1,233 m)3,743 ft (1,141 m)
19Bolivia4,042 ft (1,232 m)1,030 ft (314 m)
20Uganda3,822 ft (1,165 m)3,635 ft (1,108 m)
21Turkey3,737 ft (1,139 m)3,570 ft (1,088 m)
22Zambia3,671 ft (1,119 m)3,757 ft (1,145 m)
23Liechtenstein3,579 ft (1,091 m)3,396 ft (1,035 m)
24Namibia3,573 ft (1,089 m)3,747 ft (1,142 m)
25Ecuador3,530 ft (1,076 m)1,250 ft (381 m)
26Mexico3,415 ft (1,041 m)3,409 ft (1,039 m)
27Angola3,402 ft (1,037 m)3,698 ft (1,127 m)
28Montenegro3,386 ft (1,032 m)3,527 ft (1,075 m)
29Botswana3,383 ft (1,031 m)3,343 ft (1,019 m)
30South Africa3,383 ft (1,031 m)3,507 ft (1,069 m)
31Tanzania3,340 ft (1,018 m)3,691 ft (1,125 m)
32Pakistan3,294 ft (1,004 m)1,677 ft (511 m)
33Lebanon3,271 ft (997 m)3,130 ft (954 m)
34Zimbabwe3,192 ft (973 m)3,343 ft (1,019 m)
35Austria3,127 ft (953 m)2,507 ft (764 m)
36Malawi3,104 ft (946 m)3,383 ft (1,031 m)
37Yemen3,081 ft (939 m)2,887 ft (880 m)
38North Macedonia2,730 ft (832 m)2,477 ft (755 m)
39Kosovo2,654 ft (809 m)2,257 ft (688 m)
40Kenya2,575 ft (785 m)1,919 ft (585 m)
41United States2,569 ft (783 m)1,568 ft (478 m)
42Taiwan2,523 ft (769 m)1,362 ft (415 m)
43Jordan2,520 ft (768 m)2,602 ft (793 m)
44Eritrea2,507 ft (764 m)2,162 ft (659 m)
45Guatemala2,444 ft (745 m)1,099 ft (335 m)
46Argentina2,323 ft (708 m)899 ft (274 m)
47India2,306 ft (703 m)1,017 ft (310 m)
48Spain2,274 ft (693 m)2,247 ft (685 m)
49Bosnia and Herzegovina2,267 ft (691 m)2,185 ft (666 m)
50Albania2,254 ft (687 m)2,031 ft (619 m)
51Democratic Republic of the Congo2,244 ft (684 m)1,919 ft (585 m)
52Laos2,188 ft (667 m)2,116 ft (645 m)
53Azerbaijan2,169 ft (661 m)1,148 ft (350 m)
54Cameroon2,126 ft (648 m)2,116 ft (645 m)
55Papua New Guinea2,113 ft (644 m)646 ft (197 m)
56Saudi Arabia2,093 ft (638 m)2,129 ft (649 m)
57Eswatini2,064 ft (629 m)1,673 ft (510 m)
58Honduras2,060 ft (628 m)1,955 ft (596 m)
59Morocco2,060 ft (628 m)1,355 ft (413 m)
60Central African Republic1,962 ft (598 m)1,926 ft (587 m)
61North Korea1,926 ft (587 m)1,460 ft (445 m)
62Myanmar1,909 ft (582 m)1,175 ft (358 m)
63Slovenia1,860 ft (567 m)1,575 ft (480 m)
64Costa Rica1,844 ft (562 m)840 ft (256 m)
65Colombia1,834 ft (559 m)643 ft (196 m)
66Norway1,831 ft (558 m)1,568 ft (478 m)
67Algeria1,827 ft (557 m)1,568 ft (478 m)
68Italy1,814 ft (553 m)1,132 ft (345 m)
69Madagascar1,778 ft (542 m)1,401 ft (427 m)
70Sudan1,736 ft (529 m)1,611 ft (491 m)
71Chad1,696 ft (517 m)1,375 ft (419 m)
72Syria1,696 ft (517 m)1,463 ft (446 m)
73South Sudan1,686 ft (514 m)1,476 ft (450 m)
74Iceland1,657 ft (505 m)1,555 ft (474 m)
75Comoros1,617 ft (493 m)1,270 ft (387 m)
76New Zealand1,608 ft (490 m)1,168 ft (356 m)
77Equatorial Guinea1,604 ft (489 m)1,886 ft (575 m)
78Greece1,578 ft (481 m)1,201 ft (366 m)
79Bulgaria1,562 ft (476 m)994 ft (303 m)
80Timor-Leste1,562 ft (476 m)1,178 ft (359 m)
81Canada1,529 ft (466 m)1,155 ft (352 m)
82Niger1,503 ft (458 m)1,424 ft (434 m)
83Slovakia1,496 ft (456 m)1,273 ft (388 m)
84Czechia1,486 ft (453 m)1,453 ft (443 m)
85Djibouti1,467 ft (447 m)1,401 ft (427 m)
86Guinea1,447 ft (441 m)1,417 ft (432 m)
87Somalia1,375 ft (419 m)991 ft (302 m)
88Republic of the Congo1,371 ft (418 m)1,309 ft (399 m)
89Libya1,368 ft (417 m)1,506 ft (459 m)
90Solomon Islands1,358 ft (414 m)1,063 ft (324 m)
91Serbia1,352 ft (412 m)902 ft (275 m)
92Haiti1,332 ft (406 m)1,037 ft (316 m)
93Romania1,312 ft (400 m)883 ft (269 m)
94Dominican Republic1,309 ft (399 m)636 ft (194 m)
95Japan1,299 ft (396 m)928 ft (283 m)
96Vietnam1,273 ft (388 m)807 ft (246 m)
97Gabon1,243 ft (379 m)1,421 ft (433 m)
98Samoa1,217 ft (371 m)833 ft (254 m)
99El Salvador1,184 ft (361 m)935 ft (285 m)
100Kazakhstan1,178 ft (359 m)837 ft (255 m)
101Uzbekistan1,171 ft (357 m)646 ft (197 m)
102Dominica1,165 ft (355 m)1,043 ft (318 m)
103Mozambique1,161 ft (354 m)965 ft (294 m)
104Luxembourg1,152 ft (351 m)1,102 ft (336 m)
105Russia1,148 ft (350 m)650 ft (198 m)
106Sao Tome and Principe1,145 ft (349 m)804 ft (245 m)
107Venezuela1,142 ft (348 m)522 ft (159 m)
108France1,122 ft (342 m)633 ft (193 m)
109Indonesia1,112 ft (339 m)341 ft (104 m)
110Nigeria1,073 ft (327 m)994 ft (303 m)
111Cabo Verde1,060 ft (323 m)522 ft (159 m)
112Philippines1,053 ft (321 m)577 ft (176 m)
113Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1,053 ft (321 m)876 ft (267 m)
114Brazil1,050 ft (320 m)827 ft (252 m)
115Jamaica1,050 ft (320 m)873 ft (266 m)
116Sweden1,050 ft (320 m)886 ft (270 m)
117Mali1,043 ft (318 m)991 ft (302 m)
118Portugal1,043 ft (318 m)768 ft (234 m)
119Croatia1,027 ft (313 m)623 ft (190 m)
120Panama1,017 ft (310 m)495 ft (151 m)
121Cyprus994 ft (303 m)682 ft (208 m)
122Egypt988 ft (301 m)846 ft (258 m)
123Burkina Faso978 ft (298 m)965 ft (294 m)
124Iraq974 ft (297 m)781 ft (238 m)
125San Marino965 ft (294 m)938 ft (286 m)
126Thailand932 ft (284 m)584 ft (178 m)
127Israel928 ft (283 m)856 ft (261 m)
128Australia902 ft (275 m)801 ft (244 m)
129Malaysia902 ft (275 m)430 ft (131 m)
130Oman902 ft (275 m)617 ft (188 m)
131Vanuatu899 ft (274 m)679 ft (207 m)
132Benin873 ft (266 m)928 ft (283 m)
133Germany869 ft (265 m)673 ft (205 m)
134South Korea860 ft (262 m)620 ft (189 m)
135Côte d'Ivoire853 ft (260 m)840 ft (256 m)
136Mauritania853 ft (260 m)951 ft (290 m)
137Togo850 ft (259 m)732 ft (223 m)
138Tunisia833 ft (254 m)673 ft (205 m)
139Nicaragua728 ft (222 m)351 ft (107 m)
140Guyana712 ft (217 m)436 ft (133 m)
141Mauritius709 ft (216 m)528 ft (161 m)
142Liberia705 ft (215 m)679 ft (207 m)
143Fiji669 ft (204 m)486 ft (148 m)
144Grenada666 ft (203 m)515 ft (157 m)
145Seychelles659 ft (201 m)505 ft (154 m)
146Turkmenistan650 ft (198 m)502 ft (153 m)
147Sierra Leone646 ft (197 m)367 ft (112 m)
148Saint Kitts and Nevis636 ft (194 m)410 ft (125 m)
149Ghana591 ft (180 m)528 ft (161 m)
150Sri Lanka574 ft (175 m)243 ft (74 m)
151Poland571 ft (174 m)482 ft (147 m)
152Ukraine554 ft (169 m)492 ft (150 m)
153Belarus541 ft (165 m)525 ft (160 m)
154Saint Lucia541 ft (165 m)443 ft (135 m)
155Belize539 ft (164 m)124 ft (37.8 m)
156Paraguay535 ft (163 m)459 ft (140 m)
157United Kingdom528 ft (161 m)364 ft (111 m)
158Belgium515 ft (157 m)285 ft (87 m)
159Finland515 ft (157 m)446 ft (136 m)
160Suriname515 ft (157 m)453 ft (138 m)
161Micronesia499 ft (152 m)289 ft (88 m)
162Hungary492 ft (150 m)400 ft (122 m)
163Moldova479 ft (146 m)482 ft (147 m)
164Cambodia404 ft (123 m)223 ft (68 m)
165United Arab Emirates384 ft (117 m)361 ft (110 m)
166Kuwait381 ft (116 m)358 ft (109 m)
167Uruguay361 ft (110 m)341 ft (104 m)
168Ireland358 ft (109 m)272 ft (83 m)
169Lithuania348 ft (106 m)341 ft (104 m)
170Barbados341 ft (104 m)262 ft (80 m)
171Brunei322 ft (98.1 m)153 ft (46.6 m)
172Cuba320 ft (97.6 m)158 ft (48.2 m)
173Latvia299 ft (91 m)299 ft (91 m)
174Trinidad and Tobago273 ft (83.3 m)154 ft (46.9 m)
175Malta261 ft (79.6 m)247 ft (75.2 m)
176Estonia187 ft (57 m)177 ft (54 m)
177Tonga176 ft (53.6 m)94 ft (28.5 m)
178Senegal165 ft (50.3 m)149 ft (45.4 m)
179Monaco149 ft (45.5 m)128 ft (39.1 m)
180Guinea-Bissau114 ft (34.8 m)95 ft (28.9 m)
181Denmark102 ft (31.2 m)91 ft (27.6 m)
182Antigua and Barbuda91 ft (27.7 m)63 ft (19.3 m)
183Bangladesh90 ft (27.4 m)35 ft (10.7 m)
184Qatar84 ft (25.5 m)77 ft (23.6 m)
185Nauru79 ft (24 m)86 ft (26.2 m)
186The Gambia69 ft (21.1 m)64 ft (19.4 m)
187Palau56 ft (17.1 m)0 ft (0 m)
188Singapore56 ft (17 m)43 ft (13 m)
189Bahrain46 ft (14 m)23 ft (7 m)
190Netherlands30 ft (9.1 m)5 ft (1.6 m)
191The Bahamas8 ft (2.3 m)6 ft (1.8 m)
192Marshall Islands2 ft (0.7 m)2 ft (0.5 m)
193Tuvalu2 ft (0.7 m)4 ft (1.3 m)
194Maldives2 ft (0.5 m)2 ft (0.5 m)

The highest countries

The highest-average country is not the one most people would name. Our computation puts Tajikistan first at 9,688 ft (2,953 m), a whisker ahead of Bhutan at 9,354 ft (2,851 m) — about 102 m between them. Behind them come Kyrgyzstan (8,655 ft (2,638 m)), Lesotho (7,260 ft (2,213 m)) and Nepal (6,929 ft (2,112 m)).

They cluster for a reason: all sit in the great mountain belt that runs from the Himalaya through the Pamir and Tian Shan, where whole countries are stacked on plateaus rather than draped over a few peaks. That’s why Tajikistan — which is not where you’d point on a map for the world’s tallest mountains — tops the list: almost none of its land is low.

The lowest countries

At the other end are the nations the sea is closing in on. The Maldives averages about 2 ft (0.5 m) — for practical purposes, sea level — and the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu are barely higher, both under a metre. For these atoll states the average elevation isn’t a curiosity; it’s an existential number.

The Netherlands is the most telling of the low countries: it averages just 30 ft (9.1 m), its median is only 5 ft (1.6 m), and its lowest point — the Zuidplaspolder — sits nearly 7 m below the sea, dry land only because of the dikes. Bangladeshtells a similar story at scale: a mean of 90 ft (27.4 m) over a median of 35 ft (10.7 m), most of it the low delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra.

Why our figures differ from the CIA’s

For the 145 countries with a published mean, our computed figure and the CIA’s usually land close. Where they don’t, it’s rarely that one is “wrong” — it’s that they measure different things. The Factbook’s numbers come from varied national sources, different decades, and methods that often estimate a mean from a handful of spot heights rather than sampling the whole surface. Ours reads every 30-metre cell inside the modern boundary, the same way, for every country.

In flat, low-lying countries the published figure often runs high. The Factbook puts the Netherlands at 98 ft (30 m) against our 30 ft (9.1 m); Bangladesh at 279 ft (85 m) against our 90 ft (27.4 m); Malaysia at 1,765 ft (538 m) against our 902 ft (275 m) — a mountainous interior pulling an old estimate up, where a full-surface sample is dominated by the vast lowlands.

Elsewhere it runs low. We compute Cyprus at 994 ft (303 m) against a cited 299 ft (91 m), and Kosovo at 2,654 ft (809 m) against 1,476 ft (450 m) — the latter below Kosovo’s own basin floor, which no full-surface measurement could produce. These are exactly the inconsistencies a copied table hides.

This is also why our ranking of the highest country differs from the familiar one. Bhutan is the country most people would name, yet the figures don’t even disagree in a consistent direction: Tajikistan’s own most-cited mean (10,453 ft (3,186 m)) runs well above our computed 9,688 ft (2,953 m), while the figure we have for Bhutan (7,283 ft (2,220 m)) runs below our computed 9,354 ft (2,851 m). Every country measured by a different hand, in a different year. Measure all 194 the same way and Tajikistan edges Bhutan — a small result, but one we can stand behind because we did the arithmetic ourselves.

Mean vs median

An average can flatter a country, which is why we compute the median too — the elevation with half the land above it and half below. When a mean sits far above its median, it’s the signature of a small, very high region dragging up an otherwise low country.

Peru is the extreme case: a mean of 4,810 ft (1,466 m) over a median of just 1,509 ft (460 m) — a 1,006 m gap. Most of Peru is low Amazon basin; a narrow strip of very high Andes lifts the average. Bolivia is nearly as lopsided (4,042 ft (1,232 m) mean, 1,030 ft (314 m) median). Read the two together and you can tell whether a country is genuinely high, or just keeps its height in one corner.

From Tajikistan (9,688 ft (2,953 m)) to the Maldives (2 ft (0.5 m)), the world’s national averages span nearly 3,000 m.

See any country in 3D

Every row in the table links to that country’s full interactive elevation map — spin the terrain, tap anywhere to read the height, and see where the average comes from. Start with Tajikistan, the highest of them all, or browse the complete country index.

Frequently asked questions

What is the average elevation of a country?
It’s the mean height of the country’s land above sea level. Here it’s computed by averaging every 30-metre cell of the Copernicus GLO-30 elevation model that falls inside the country’s boundary — not copied from another source.
Which country has the highest average elevation?
By our computation, Tajikistan, at 9,688 ft (2,953 m) — just ahead of Bhutan (9,354 ft (2,851 m)). The two are close enough that the order depends on how you measure; measuring all 194 countries uniformly puts Tajikistan first.
Which country has the lowest average elevation?
The Maldives, at about 2 ft (0.5 m) — essentially sea level — with the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu and the Netherlands close behind.
What is the average elevation of the whole world?
The 194 countries average 1,786 ft (544 m) when each is weighted equally. Weighted by land area, Earth’s land averages 2,164 ft (660 m). Both are computed here from GLO-30.
Why does your figure differ from the CIA World Factbook?
Different data, era, and method. We read every cell of a modern satellite model inside each country’s current boundary; the Factbook’s figures come from varied national sources and older estimates. See the reconciliation above for worked examples in both directions.
How is average elevation measured?
The GLO-30 grid — one height sample roughly every 30 metres — is clipped to the country’s official outline, and the mean and median of all in-boundary samples are computed. The methodology page covers the data, boundaries and limits in full.

Methodology & sources

Elevation is from Copernicus GLO-30 (ESA, 2021 release), boundaries from geoBoundaries gbOpen. For each country the DEM is clipped to its outline and the mean and median of all in-boundary cells are computed at full resolution — the same first-party method described on the methodology page. Country statistics current as of 2026-07-29.

A published mean is available for 145 of the 194 countries; the other 49 — mostly small island and low-lying states for which no authority prints one — show a dash rather than an invented figure. That is the site’s standing rule: every number traces to a computed value or a cited source, and where neither exists, the gap is disclosed. Built and maintained by Marko Visic.

Rendered from Copernicus GLO-30 (ESA, 2021 release); boundaries from geoBoundaries. Averages computed by 3D Elevation Map, 2026-07-29. Built by Marko Visic.